Josina Machel delivered this speech at the 4th Africa Conference on Sexual Health and Rights in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in February 2010. Machel is a gender activist and a social entrepreneur and a member of the Board of Directors of the International Women's Health Coalition. The speech is available to download in Word and PDF.

I was flabbergasted to note that less than 25 percent of the people here at the Africa Conference on Sexual Health and Rights are under the age of 30...at a conference where we are discussing African issues on a continent where at least 60 percent of the people are under 30 years old.

So my question is: where are the people that we’re talking about?  Where are the people we are making decisions about? The statistics I am about to tell you have been repeated time and time again throughout the conference:

Today’s youth is the largest generation of youth ever: 1.2 billion people worldwide are between the ages of 10 to 19. And another 1.2 billion are between the ages of 0 to 10.

Some 10 million of these young people are living with HIV, 6.2 million of which are African.  
These statistics bear repeating because ultimately, it’s about people, not numbers.  And all these people represent the failure in the way we deal with our issues.  We don’t deal with the faces, we deal with the numbers.

In fact, ten years ago I was in a conference here in Ethiopia, and we were discussing gender, HIV, and young people.  The issues we are talking about today are the same ones we were talking about ten years ago.  And the things that we did not talk about ten years ago are still not being discussed today.  If we don’t talk about these underlying issues, we will be in this same room ten years from now.  

We can talk about gender, we can talk about HIV education, but when it comes down to it, we tiptoe around the influences our cultures have on our sexualities, in our bedrooms.  
It’s about the fact that the moment I get into a bedroom with a man, my culture jumps into bed with us:  Everything I do and think about is influenced by my culture:  Who shuts off the light?  Should I undo his zipper?  As a woman, am I being too forward or should I act more modest?  There is no one in this room that will not tell me that these questions and fears don’t jump into bed with them too.

The second issue that we must address is access to sexual and reproductive health services and information. Seventy-six percent of people living with HIV and AIDS are women, and one-third of all these women are between the ages of 15 and 24.

Something is not right. Somehow, the world is failing to teach young people how to build equality in relations and protect themselves.  We are not taught how to value ourselves enough.  With these statistics, we might as well declare that you failed our generation.  

And the third, the issue I began my speech with, and perhaps the most important, is the participation and rights of youth.  

The fact that an estimated 20 million unsafe abortions occur every year, illustrates how the three issues I mentioned above—culture, lack of access to information and services, and the overarching issue of human rights and youth participation—intersect and overlap.  

Let’s imagine I am an unmarried fifteen year-old girl, and I come to you and say that I’m pregnant.  The first thing you will say is “you’re having sex?  And you’re unmarried?  What are you doing?”

Those questions come from culture.  Since I have no one to help me, I try to find information about what I should do and what services I should seek.  But, I have no access.   Even though abortion is legal in almost all countries to save a woman's life and in three-fifths of countries to protect her physical and mental health, safe abortion services are often not provided by public health systems or are of poor quality.  

In this entire scenario, the issue of rights is overarching.  From the beginning of this story, what isn’t about human rights?  My right of choice, my right to have sex, my right to confidentiality, rights to decision-making, my health and my future?

The points above and numerous studies have demonstrated that today’s youth is growing- up in a world changed by AIDS but many still lack comprehensive and correct knowledge about how to prevent HIV infection and deal with it.

The 4th Conference on Sexual Health and Rights is an important venue for strengthening the dialogue throughout Africa on the importance of promoting and protecting sexual rights and health for young people.  

The point to highlight here is the promotion of DIALOGUE. A dialogue entails an interchange of information, facts and opinions on a determined subject. The subject of sexuality and reproductive health is still surrounded by taboos, misconceptions and cultural myths in our continent. In spite of the various efforts in the past, young people in particular are often overlooked and sidelined.

It is imperative for all of us to recognize that our strong cultural identities and nuances as well as a significant level of ignorance on how these work and influence our behavior are at the root of the HIV-AIDS pandemic. For too long now, much too long, we have been hiding in cultural excuses and “no-go comfort zones” as ways to avoid scientific investigation which would provide empirical evidence for appropriate and customized messages and interventions.

We have been designing strategies to address a modern-day disease with methods that are contemporary, but are totally unsuitable and incompatible with our way of being and living in the continent which is still based on old traditions and practices.

This can be reversed by the adoption of continuous, honest, and rigorous engagement between the various generations and societal groups on issues such as gender inequality, sexual relationships, sex and sexuality. It is about time that we engage the custodians of culture in our communities to understand the intrinsic values underpinning gender and sexual norms, practices and behaviours. The perpetuation of the fear and reluctance to speak about, question and investigate the cultural beliefs and influences on our sexuality is plain and simply killing us.

We all here in this room come from a culture where traditionally, children and young people are seen as both the present and the future, so I have always believed it is our responsibility as adults to give children futures worth having. In the past years I have been shocked and angered to see how shamefully we have failed in this responsibility.
As Her Excellency Advocate Gawanas said at the conference’s opening plenary, “Africa’s time is not coming—Africa’s time is now.”

THIS is the time to entrust us young people with the right to participate and redefine our vision and perspective, to design and equip them with plans and the tools, to build a healthy and egalitarian future.

Through my work and as a Board Member for the International Women’s Health Coalition, I’ve had the privilege to meet outstanding young advocates from nearly every region of Africa.  Some of them are here to make our voices heard and develop a strategy for moving our agenda forward in our countries and our continent.  

I’d like to request that the young people here today to please stand and repeat after me:

No more decisions are made ABOUT ME WITHOUT ME…

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